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The
EPRI Nationwide Background PAH Progrma Results - Just the
Beginning
Andrew Jay Coleman, Ph.D., Electric Power Research
Institute, Palo Alto, CA
David Mauro, Meta Environmental, Inc., Watertown, MA
MGP
Sediment Management Concerns and Approaches -
Observations/Considerations
Raymond D. D'Hollander, PE, ENSR International,
Syracuse, NY
Designing
and Implementing Perimeter Air Monitoring Programs for MGP
Site Remediations
Leo Gendron, ENSR International, Westford, MA
Anthony
Sacco, ENSR
International, Westford, MA
Ishrat
Chaudhuri,
ENSR
International, Westford, MA
Risk
Based Action Levels for Perimeter Monitoring Programs at
MGP Sites
Lisa J.N. Bradley, PhD, DABT, ENSR International,
Westford, MA
Kelly Sullivan, ENSR International, Westford, MA
Application
of State-of-the-Art technology to Contain wastes at a
Former Manufactured Gas Plant
Joseph
Campisi, ENSR International, E. Syracuse, NY
Comparison
of MGP Regulatory and Enforcement Programs, Northeastern
United States
Scott T. Saroff, CPG., ENSR International, Syracuse, NY
MGP
Property Real Estate Redevelopment Perspectives
To Be Announced - Leading
Property Developer Invited
Andrew
Jay Coleman, Ph.D., Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview
Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Tel: 650-855-2249, Fax:
650-855-1069
David Mauro,
Meta Environmental, Inc., 49 Clarendon Ave, Watertown, MA
02472, Tel: 617-923-4662, Fax: 617-923-4610
Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pandemic in the
environment from a number of natural and anthropogenic
sources. Electric
Power Research Institute (EPRI) has started national
program to collect background PAHs throughout the United
States. EPRI has recently completed studies in the States
of Illinois and New York, which show that concentrations
of PAHs are higher than previously suspected in background
samples. Several studies in the U.S. and Europe have
indicated that the concentrations of PAHs in urban surface
soils can range from the low parts per billion to hundreds
of parts per million (EPRI, 2000) depending on the
proximity to and contribution from PAH sources.
Literature references concerning the presence of
PAHs in environmental media, including surface soils show
that there is a lack of consistent data on distributions
and concentrations of PAHs in surface soils because of
varying sampling and analytical methodologies. EPRI
conducted a consistent nationwide assessment of PAHs in
urban surface soil from hundreds of sites using a random
sampling scheme. Samples
have been collected from two depths, 0 - 2.54 cm and 2.54
– 15.2 cm, and analyzed for 40 PAHs and alkylated PAH
groups by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry
(GC/MS). Resulting
data is being used to better understand how these
concentrations compare to concentrations found in the
soils from industrial facilities of interest, including
former manufactured gas plants.
The findings from both Illinois and New York were
useful for gaining insight into the concentrations that
can be expected in urban areas.
The EPA residential risk-based-concentration (RBC)
was exceeded for at least one PAH at every site sampled.
In addition, there was no apparent difference in
concentrations with depth and the concentrations of PAHs
found had a lognormal distribution.
MGP
Sediment Management Concerns and Approaches –
Observations and Considerations
Raymond D.
D’Hollander,
P.E., ENSR International, 6601 Kirkville Road, East
Syracuse, NY 13057 Tel:
315-432-0506, Fax: 315-437-0509, Email: rdhollander@ensr.com
This
presentation will focus on some of the practical
considerations that need to be addressed in sediment
remediation at MGP sites. In particular, the impacts of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs)
that may be present will be discussed.
The significance of hydraulic gradients, both
natural and remediation induced, on remediation methods
will be presented.
The
influence of vertical hydraulic gradients has been
underappreciated as a mechanism for redistributing PAHs.
Tidal and other mechanisms that cause rapid
lowering of the water surface cause significant upward
gradients that disperse NAPLs through the sediments.
The upward gradients can also bring NAPLs directly
to the sediment surface and water column.
These mechanisms are critical in designing capping
and containment remedies.
Removal
remedies often use “dry excavation” techniques. These removal actions often put significant hydraulic
stresses on the sediment system.
These hydraulic conditions are often ignored during
the remedial design causing delays and additional
expenditures in the removal action.
Measures to reduce these impacts are discussed.
Various
remedial approaches to sediments impacted by coal tar and
other MGP related constituents will be presented.
Designing
and Implementing Perimeter Air Monitoring Programs for MGP
Site Remediations
Leo
J. Gendron, Anthony Sacco,
and Ishrat Chaudhuri, ENSR International, 2
Technology Park Drive, Westford, MA
01886, Tel: 978-589-3000, Fax: 978-589-3100
ENSR
International has been designing, installing and operating
perimeter/fenceline ambient air quality and meteorological
programs for over 30 years.
ENSR’s more recent experience includes numerous
perimeter and fenceline monitoring programs around
hazardous waste sites, landfill excavation projects and
MGP site remediation projects.
The paper focuses on and presents general guidance
on the development and implementation of perimeter air
monitoring programs for MGP site remediation projects.
Topics include: site-specific perimeter monitoring
and data quality objectives; parameters to be measured;
determination of action levels for the various parameters;
types of instrumentation available; number and placement
of fenceline monitoring locations; frequency of sampling;
data telemetry and reporting alternatives; routine field
operations and equipment QC protocols; perimeter
monitoring program conceptual design and regulatory
review; and monitoring plan generation.
Risk-Based
Action Levels for Perimeter Monitoring Programs at MGP
Sites
Lisa
J.N. Bradley,
Ph.D., DABT, ENSR International, 2 Technology Park Drive,
Westford, MA 01886, Tel: 978-589-3059, Fax: 978-589-3282
Kelly Sullivan,
ENSR International, 2 Technology Park Drive, Westford, MA
01886, Tel: 978-589-3061, Fax: 978-589-3282
ENSR
International. Fenceline air monitoring programs
increasingly are required at MGP remediation sites. Risk-based action levels (RBAL) for the fenceline monitoring
program should adequately address both project needs and
the protection of human health.
Issues to be considered and addressed in the
development of risk-based action levels include the
following. 1) Receptors. Off-site
receptors should be identified, and appropriate receptors
should serve as the basis for the fenceline air standard.
2) Timeframe
of remediation. RBALs
for a fenceline program should be developed within the
context of potential human exposure periods.
In toxicology, appropriate exposure periods to
consider are: Acute
– less than 24 hours up to 3 months; Subchronic – 3
months up to 7 years; and Chronic – greater than 7
years. RBALs
should be developed to address each of these exposure
durations, depending on the intended length of the
remediation. Potential
noncarcinogenic health effects should be considered for
each exposure duration, however, chronic exposure
durations are generally not anticipated for a remediation
project. Potential
carcinogenic effects are most appropriately considered for
the chronic exposure duration, however, they can also be
considered for the subchronic exposure duration.
3) Toxicity
values. Appropriate chemical-specific toxicity values from the USEPA
should be employed in the RBAL calculations.
This includes the use of subchronic toxicity
values. For
benzene, the range of toxicity values provided by USEPA
for addressing the potential carcinogenic effects at a
given target risk level should be used in developing the
RBALs; ideally a range of standards should be developed
for benzene where any air monitoring data within that
range would be considered to have not exceeded the RBAL.
4) Point
of Exposure. Where
potential receptors are not at the fenceline, air modeling
should be used to calculate an RBAL to be protective of
the receptors at the point of exposure.
Application
of State-of-the-Art technology to Contain wastes at a
Former Manufactured Gas Plant
Joseph
Campisi,
ENSR International, 6601 Kirkville Road, E. Syracuse, NY
13078
Today,
hazardous waste containment systems play a very important
role in our efforts to clean up soil and groundwater
pollution. With
thousands of former manufactured gas plants (MGPs)
undergoing investigation and remediation, containment is
becoming a preferred alternative at many of these sites.
This choice is preferred due to the persistence of
many of the MGP-derived containments, the difficulty in
effecting significant mass reduction in soil and
groundwater, and the significant expense associated with
more aggressive methods of clean-up.
This case study examines the application of a
state-of-the-art technology to one of the components of a
containment system. Specifically,
this case study elaborates on the barrier wall selection
process and presents the results of a treatability study
on the sealant material.
The steel sheet pile wall with synthetic water-stop
was installed in the fall of 1994 at a former MGP site in
Central Wisconsin. More
recent performance data has been assessed to evaluate the
long term effectiveness of this containment approach.
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