Targeted Brownfields Assessment of a Former Power Plant Using the Triad Approach
Barbara Weir, Metcalf & Eddy, Inc, Wakefield, MA
James P. Byrne, U.S. EPA Region I, Boston, MA
Robert Howe, Tetra Tech, Inc., Boulder, CO
Denise M. Savageau, Conservation Director, Town of Greenwich, Greenwich, CT
Kathy Yager, U.S. EPA, North Chelmsford, MA

Plume Delineation and Monitoring of Natural Attenuation Processes Via In Situ Flux Measurement
Andre Tartre, EcoRemediation Inc., Burlington, VT

Unlimited Industrial Closure of Detroit Artillery Armory Using the State of Michigan’s “Sampling Strategies and Statistics” Procedures 
Michael Tuckey, DLZ Michigan, Inc., Lansing, MI
Garth R. Colvin, DLZ Michigan, Inc., Lansing, MI
Fred Pezeshk, DLZ Michigan, Inc., Lansing, MI
Curt G. Roebuck, DLZ Michigan, Inc., Lansing, MI 
Alisa Williams, DLZ Michigan, Inc., Lansing, MI
Gary Hoffmaster, Michigan Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Lansing, MI
Tina Williams, P.E., United States Army Corps of Engineers - Detroit District, Detroit, MI

Use of a GIS-Based Site Conceptual Model for Site Characterization, Regulatory Interaction and Feasibility Analysis, Harbor Point MGP Site, Utica, NY
Ernest Ashley, Camp Dresser & McKee Inc, Cambridge, MA
Amol Daxikar, Camp Dresser & McKee Inc, Cambridge, MA
Terry Young, Niagara Mohawk/A National Grid Company, Syracuse, NY

New Approaches in Data Visualization of LNAPL
Lester B. Engel, The RETEC Group Inc., Atlanta, GA
Jeffrey A. Johnson, The RETEC Group Inc., Houston, TX

Case Study of TCE Attenuation from Groundwater to Indoor Air and Effects of Building Ventilation
Alborz A. Wozniak, P.E., Johnson Wright, Inc., Lafayette, CA
Christopher Lawless, Johnson Wright, Inc., Lafayette, CA

Targeted Brownfields Assessment of a Former Power Plant Using the Triad Approach

Barbara Weir, Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., 701 Edgewater Drive, Wakefield, MA  01880, Tel: 781-224-6608, Fax: 781-245-6293, Email: barb.weir@m-e.com
James P. Byrne, Brownfields Team, Work Assignment Manager, U.S. EPA Region I, 1 Congress Street, Suite 1100 (HIO), Boston, MA  02114-2023, Tel: 617-918-1389, Fax: 617-918-1291, Email:  byrne.james@epa.gov
Robert Howe,     Managing Geochemist, Tetra Tech, Inc., 4940 Pearl East Circle, Suite 100, Boulder, CO  80301, Tel: 303-441-7911, Fax: 303-449-5585, Email: robert.howe@tttemi.com
Denise M. Savageau, Conservation Director, Town of Greenwich, 101 Field Point Road, Greenwich, CT  06830, Tel: 203-622-6461, Fax: 203-622-3795, Email: dsavageau@greenwichct.org
Kathy Yager, U.S. EPA, Technology Innovation Office, 11 Technology Drive, North Chelmsford, MA 01863, Tel: 617-918-8362, Fax: 617-918-8427, Email: yager.kathleen@epamail.epa.gov

A Targeted Brownfields Assessment of a former power plant was conducted using the Triad approach, through the efforts of EPA Region I and Metcalf & Eddy, the Brownfields Technology Support Center, and the town of Greenwich, Connecticut.  The town plans to redevelop the site as a waterfront park.  Because coal ash was historically disposed at the site, it was considered probable that site surface soil would show concentrations of contaminants that exceed Connecticut residential direct exposure criteria (RES DEC).  Historical information also suggested the possibility of petroleum and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) releases.  The goal of the investigation was to obtain sufficient data, in one mobilization, to determine the nature and extent of surface soil contamination.

Field analytical techniques included Site Lab^® test kits for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), EPA’s X-ray fluorescence instrument for metals, and the EPA mobile laboratory for PCBs.   Soil samples were also analyzed by an off-site laboratory for arsenic with 48 hour turnaround.   Sampling locations were added based on feedback from the field analyses.  The team located an area of PCB contamination that might have gone undiscovered using traditional sampling approaches.  A correlation was developed between the TPH/PAH test kit results and off-site laboratory results, which enabled use of the test kit results to define the extent of soil contamination with TPH and PAHs. 

The results showed that site surface soil contains concentrations of arsenic, TPH, and PAHs at levels exceeding RES DEC.  The observed concentrations are partially from the coal ash that is co-mingled with site soil.  PCBs were identified near an area where transformers had been located.  The Triad approach yielded an estimated cost savings of approximately 40 percent, when compared with a traditional approach involving two mobilizations and fixed laboratory analytical methods. 

Plume Delineation and Monitoring of Natural Attenuation Processes Via In Situ Flux Measurement

Andre Tartre, EcoRemediation inc., 70 South Winooski Ave., Burlington, VT, 05401, Tel: 450-468-9902, Fax: 450-468-6753, Email: andre@ecorem.com

A research has been conducted in Canada over a two-year period to develop an innovative sampling technique for petroleum contaminated sites. This new method quantifies the rate at which vapors or gases are “produced” during a particular period of time under specific conditions of ventilation.

Traditional soil-gas surveys evaluate concentrations of specific vapors that are in chemical equilibrium with dissolved, sorbed or free products in the media.  The new proposed sampling technique involves to purge the soil with a non-contaminated gas in the vicinity of a sample probe for few minutes. The soil-gas purge affects the gas-liquid-soil equilibrium causing sorbed and dissolved vapors to transfer to the gas phase. During a period when the static equilibrium is unbalanced, the rate at which vapor contaminants are transferred to the soil gas phase is estimated.  After this stabilization period, the purge is reduced or stopped altogether. Rebounds after the purging period indicate if petroleum products are present beside the sampling point.  This method constitutes a major improvement for plume delineation at low cost. It delivers results on site within 10 minutes and investigated waste are almost eliminated.

More recently, this new sampling approach has been further developed for the saturated zone.  Rebounds are used to locate efficiently Chlorinated solvents pockets or to estimate In Situ flux rates of oxygen and biogenic gases.  The primary advantages to evaluate biodegradation processes with this method include: [i] better estimates of reactant availability and daughter compounds production rate across a plume, [ii] less interference from temporal and spatial differences in hydrologic and geochemical conditions, [iii] data that are produced on a real-time basis, and [iiii] reducing overall monitoring cost of the natural attenuation option.  Field data will be presented.

Unlimited Industrial Closure of Detroit Artillery Armory Using the State of Michigan’s “Sampling Strategies and Statistics” Procedures 
 
Michael Tuckey, Ph.D., C.P.G., C.P., DLZ Michigan, Inc., 1425 Keystone Avenue, Lansing, MI  48911, Tel: 517-393-6800, Fax: 517-272-7390, Email: mtuckey@dlz.com
Garth R. Colvin, P.E., DLZ Michigan, Inc., 1425 Keystone Avenue, Lansing, MI  48911, Tel: 517-393-6800, Fax: 517-272-7390, Email: gcolvin@dlz.com
Fred Pezeshk, P.E., S.E., DLZ Michigan, Inc., 1425 Keystone Avenue, Lansing, MI  48911, Tel: 517-393-6800, Fax: 517-272-7390, Email:fpezeshk@dlz.com
Curt G. Roebuck, C.P.G., C.P., DLZ Michigan, Inc., 1425 Keystone Avenue, Lansing, MI  48911, Tel: 517-393-6800, Fax: 517-272-7390, Email:croebuck@dlz.com
Alisa Williams, P.E., DLZ Michigan, Inc., 1425 Keystone Avenue, Lansing, MI  48911, Tel: 517-393-6800, Fax: 517-272-7390, Email:awilliams@dlz.com
Gary Hoffmaster, Environmental Quality Specialist, Michigan Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, 2500 S. Washington, Lansing, MI  48913-5101, Tel: 517-483-5627, Fax 517-483-5538, Email:gary.hoffmaster@mi.ngb.army.mil
Tina Williams, P.E., United States Army Corps of Engineers - Detroit District, 477 Michigan Avenue, Detroit, MI 48231-1027, Tel: 313-226-6719, Fax: 313-226-3096, Email: tina.p.williams@lre02.usace.army.mil

The Michigan Department of Military and Veterans Affair and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers contracted DLZ Michigan, Inc. to perform the site closure activities, including soil sampling, statistical analysis, soil removal, and Closure Report preparation and submittal to close the 76-acre Detroit Artillery Armory.  This site is located in a prime redevelopment area of Oak Pak, Michigan.  A prospective buyer had made an offer on the property contingent upon generic industrial site closure; thus, a fast-track closure with cooperation between several State and Federal agencies was required.

Detroit Artillery Armory was built in 1942 and was used for manufacturing of weapons components.  Debris and ash from the onsite waste incinerator was buried in a 6-acre area adjacent to the incinerator.  Although several site investigations had been performed over the last 10 years, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) required a much more thorough investigation, to meet the requirements of the State’s Sampling Strategies and Statistics Training Manual for Part 201 Cleanup Criteria for proper remediation verification.  This was the first large-scale implementation of this guidance document for site closure in Michigan.

Using statistical analysis, approximately 69 acres of the 76 total acres were determined to meet appropriate cleanup criteria and did not require any additional investigation.  Remediation was focused on the former location of the incinerator and remaining 6-acre area.  After review, training and consultation with the MDEQ, DLZ prepared a work plan that included collection of 2,981 soil samples on a 15-foot sampling grid.  Samples were analyzed for lead and arsenic, using laboratory methods and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer.  Based on analytical data and statistical analysis, excavation was conducted in areas containing soils that exceeded applicable industrial criteria.

Unlimited industrial site closure was granted by the MDEQ in November 2003, 6 months after approval of the work plan.

Use of a GIS-Based Site Conceptual Model for Site Characterization, Regulatory Interaction and Feasibility Analysis, Harbor Point MGP Site, Utica, NY

Ernest Ashley, P.G., Camp Dresser & McKee Inc, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, Tel: 617-452-6416, Email: ashleyec@cdm.com
Amol Daxikar, GIS Specialist, Camp Dresser & McKee Inc, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, Tel: 617-452-6386, Email: daxikaram@cdm.com
Terry Young, P.E., Niagara Mohawk/A National Grid Company,
300 Erie Blvd. Syracuse, NY 13202, Tel: 315-428-6614, Email: terry.young@us.ngrid.com

Compiling data into a manageable and useful format that can be understood by consultants, clients and regulatory personnel is the goal of the site conceptual model (CSM).  Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to assimilate, evaluate and present large amounts of data from multiple investigations and can facilitate site characterization, interactions with regulators and remedial feasibility study analysis.  For a large Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site in New York State, a GIS-based conceptual site model was used describe the distribution of constituents of concern (COCs) in various media, the interrelationships of three the Operable Units (OUs), and to identify, evaluate and recommend remedial alternatives.  This presentation will describe the challenges of this specific site, the goals of the conceptual site model, the process of creating the GIS, its capabilities and how it was used to advance the remedial process. 

New Approaches in Data Visualization of LNAPL

Lester B. Engel, The RETEC Group Inc., 1150 Hammond Drive B-2290, Atlanta, GA 30328, Tel: 770-522-9300, Fax: 770-522-9960, Email: lengel@retec.com
Jeffrey A. Johnson, The RETEC Group Inc., 405 Main Street Suite 510, Houston, TX  77002, Tel:  713-670-9222, Fax: 713- 670-9922, Email: JJohnson@retec.com

Historically characterization and subsurface investigations of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPL) required significant data management effort and cost. Since many remediation projects involve multiple consultants and engineers often data and graphics have to be recreated due to non-standard approaches. The American Petroleum Institute (API) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) have published models and spreadsheets to determine the physical characteristics, movement, and recoverability of LNAPL.

This presentation will demonstrate how new approaches and tools were used to gather, store and share data, including generation of 3-D GIS, for a site investigation. The site involved the contamination of a variety of Constituents of Interest (COI) and LNAPL. To evaluate the distribution and migration of LNAPL, model results were applied with ArcGIS and other visualization software to generate 3-D graphics.  The tools allowed for a more cost effective characterization of the contamination and groundwater evaluation. Given the reduced effort required to manage the data, a more detailed and thorough evaluation of the site was possible thereby eliminating misinterpretations and better communication to stakeholders.

Various graphical examples will be given to demonstrate the advantages and explain this approach to subsurface investigation.

Case Study of TCE Attenuation from Groundwater to Indoor Air and Effects of Building Ventilation

Alborz A. Wozniak, P.E., Johnson Wright, Inc., 3687 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 330, Lafayette, CA 94549, Tel: 925-284-9001, Fax: 925-284-3065, Email: alborz.wozniak@johnsonwright.net
Christopher Lawless, Johnson Wright, Inc., 3687 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 330, Lafayette, CA 94549, Tel:  925-284-9001, Fax: 925-284-3065, Email: chris.lawless@johnsonwright.net  

An investigation of groundwater-to-indoor air vapor intrusion (VI) was conducted at a Superfund site in Mountain View, California.  Groundwater at the Site is impacted by trichloroethylene (TCE) and has been under cleanup by an extraction and treatment system since 1980s.  In 2002, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requested that the responsible parties evaluate the health risks associated with VI at their former facilities.  An indoor air sampling program was conducted between May and December 2003 to 1) identify vapor pathways, 2) measure TCE attenuation based on air samples; and, 3) evaluate the effects of ventilation at reducing vapor intrusion.

The investigation involved gathering site-specific information, baseline sampling, HVAC system modifications, and confirmation sampling.  Sample location included indoors at pathways and breathing zones and outdoors at the HVAC intake.  Twelve-hour time-integrated samples were collected in Summa canisters and analyzed by EPA Method TO-15 Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) for the Site’s groundwater constituents of concern.

Groundwater TCE concentrations ranged between 77 to 270 parts per billion (ppb).  Baseline pathway air sample results indicated that subsurface TCE vapors could enter the building at concentrations two order of magnitude greater than those measured in the breathing zone.  Differential pressure measurements taken prior to HVAC modifications indicated that the building was not under positive pressure.  Following HVAC modifications, confirmation sample results indicated that ventilation had reduced TCE concentrations in pathway samples to the same level as indoor air breathing zone TCE concentrations.  Differential pressure measurements taken during confirmation sampling indicated that the building was adequately pressurized. 

The investigation concluded that indoor air TCE concentrations did not pose an unacceptable risk to tenants.  Without proper ventilation and building pressurization, floor cracks could result in increased indoor air TCE concentrations.  However, a properly operated ventilation system was an effective mitigation measure to prevent subsurface vapor intrusion. 

Top