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Assessment of Background in a Sediment Evaluation of a
Great Lakes Estuarine Environment
Kristen Durocher,
AECOM, Belmont, NH
Bill Gregg, AECOM, St. Louis Park, MN
Mark Gerath, AECOM, Westford, MA
Janet Barker-Stonebrook,
NiSource, Columbus, OH
Sediment Oxygen Demand in Van
Cortland Park Lake and the Passaic
River
Constructing and Refining Ex-Situ Measurement Apparatus
Eric Spargimino,
Camp Dresser & McKee Inc.,
Cambridge, MA
Assessment of Background in a Sediment Evaluation of a
Great Lakes Estuarine Environment
Kristen
Durocher, AECOM, 171 Daniel Webster Highway, Suite
11, Belmont, NH 03220, USA, Tel: 603-524-8866, Fax:
603-524-9777, Email: kristen.durocher@aecom.com
Bill Gregg, AECOM, 4500 Park Glen Road, Suite 210,
St. Louis Park, MN 55416, USA, Tel: 952-924-0117, Fax:
952-924-0317, Email: bill.gregg@aecom.com
Mark Gerath, AECOM, 2 Technology Park Drive,
Westford, MA, USA, Tel: 978-589-3000, Fax: 978-589-3100,
Email: mark.gerath@aecom.com
Janet Barker-Stonebrook, NiSource, 200 Civic Center
Dr., Columbus, OH 43215, USA, Tel: 614-460-6573, Email:
jbarker@nisource.com
A weight-of-evidence approach was
used to evaluate anthropogenically-influenced
concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) in surficial sediment in an urban stream adjacent
to a former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) Site in Ohio. This evaluation was
conducted to help determine whether or not PAHs in the
stream were attributable to former MGP operations or to
other anthropogenic sources in this highly used urban
river system. Sediment PAH concentrations were elevated
relative to literature-derived background levels and
risk-based screening levels in all reaches of the
stream. An evaluation of upstream versus near-Site data
was complicated due to several mechanisms which could
potentially transport PAHs from the Site area to reaches
of the stream upstream of the Site: (1) groundwater flow
pathways at the Site are circuitous and it is possible
that some groundwater from the Site actually discharges
upstream of the Site; and (2) the seiche effect from
nearby Lake Erie is known to routinely cause tidal flow
reversals in the stream.
Four lines of evidence were
evaluated, including:
1. Screening modeling of surface
water and groundwater transport,
2. Forensic historical information
and literature information,
3. Forensic chemical laboratory
analyses, and
4. Statistical evaluation of
upstream versus near-Site sediment.
While the individual lines of
evidence provide an incomplete assessment relative to
the sediment PAH, the combined weight-of-evidence
highlights differences between anthropogenic background
PAH and MGP derived PAH in sediment in this urban
stream.
Heavy Metal
Characterization and Leachability of Organic Matter-Rich
River Sediments in
Hanoi,
Vietnam
Dr Nguyen Thi Lan Huong,
Laboratory of Soil Environmental Engineering, Division
of Regional Environment Science, Department of
Bioresource and Environmental Science, Faculty of
Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581,
Japan, Email: nl_huong_99@yahoo.com
Prof. Dr Masami Ohtsubo, Laboratory of Soil
Environmental Engineering, Division of Regional
Environment Science, Department of Bioresource and
Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
Associate Prof. Dr Takahiro Higashi, Laboratory of Soil
Environmental Engineering, Division of Regional
Environment Science, Department of Bioresource and
Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
Dr. Motohei Kanayama, Laboratory of Soil Environmental
Engineering, Division of Regional Environment Science,
Department of Bioresource and Environmental Science,
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka,
812-8581, Japan
Industrial, urban and domestic
wastewater rich in organic matter has been discharged
into the To Lich and Kim
Nguu Rivers
in Hanoi
and has degraded the quality of sediments in the rivers.
It was shown that the sediments are heavily polluted
with heavy metals; total heavy metal concentrations in
the sediments were 220 to 475 mg kg-1 for Cu,
260 to 665 mg kg-1 for Pb, 250 to 535 mg kg-1
for Zn, 2.5 to 40 mg kg-1 for Cd, 505 to 655
mg kg-1 for Cr, and 48 to 165 mg kg-1
for Ni. Selective sequential extraction of heavy metals
in the sediments indicated that Cu, Pb and Ni were bound
predominantly to organic fraction and Zn and Cd were to
oxide fraction, while Cr was bound equally to
exchangeable, carbonate, oxide, organic and residual
fractions. The total heavy metal concentration was
correlated with organic matter content in the sediments
for Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn while no correlation was found for
Cd and Cr. The percentage of heavy metals released from
the sediments by leaching with deionized water and acid
solutions was in the order: Cd (76-80 %) > Ni (62-72 %)
> Cr (30-32 %) > Pb (12-16 %) > Cu (7 %) > Zn (3-4 %).
Leaching with EDTA solution enhanced the amount of
metals released from the sediments for Cu, Ni, Pb and
Zn. By leaching with deionized water and acid solutions,
Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb were released from exchangeable,
carbonate and oxide fractions, and Zn was from
exchangeable and carbonates fractions, and Cr was not
released from any fractions.
Leachability of Heavy
Metals from Contaminated Sediments of the To Lich and
Kim
Nguu
River Systems
in
Hanoi,
Vietnam
Dr Nguyen Thi Lan Huong,
Laboratory of Soil Environmental Engineering, Division
of Regional Environment Science, Department of
Bioresource and Environmental Science, Faculty of
Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581,
Japan, Email: nl_huong_99@yahoo.com
Prof. Dr Masami Ohtsubo, Laboratory of Soil
Environmental Engineering, Division of Regional
Environment Science, Department of Bioresource and
Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
We have assessed the leaching of
heavy metals from the contaminated sediments
of the To-Lich
and Kim Nguu river systems in Hanoi, Vietnam We used
different solutions such as distilled water ( pH 5.5),
nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH)
and Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) in
a batch leaching test. The average concentrations of
heavy metals leached were: (1) using H2O:
63.4% of Cd, 10.6% of Cr, 5.3% of Cu, 33.6% of Ni, 1.6%
of Pb and 6.2% of Zn; (2) using HNO3: 67.2%
of Cd, 10.6% of Cr, 5.0% of Cu, 34.1% of Ni, 1.3% of Pb
and 5.5% of Zn; (3) using CH3COOH: 65.0% of
Cd, 12.7% of Cr, 5.1% Cu, 45.2% of Ni, 1.2% of Pb and
5.4% of Zn; and (4) using EDTA: 70.5% of Cd, 15.6% of
Cr, 17.0% of Cu, 59.5% of Ni, 7.2% of Pb and 33.0% of
Zn. The EDTA had high heavy metal leachability compared
to water, acetic acid, and nitric acid. The average
potential leachability decreased in the following order:
Cd > Ni > Cr > Cu = Zn > Pb. The leachability exhibited
a tendency to decrease with increasing organic matter
for heavy metals other than Cr and Zn.
Sediment Oxygen Demand in Van
Cortland Park Lake and the
Passaic
River
Constructing and Refining Ex-Situ Measurement Apparatus
Eric Spargimino,
Camp Dresser & McKee Inc., One Cambridge Place, 50
Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, Tel/fax: 617
452-6637, Email: SpargiminoEM@CDM.com
This study compared and evaluated
previously established methods of measuring sediment
oxygen demand (SOD) and nutrient fluxes across the
sediment water interface.
The pros and cons of in-situ versus ex-situ
measurement were evaluated for accuracy,
reproducibility, convenience of use, and affordability
of construction.
Based on the information gathered, a best
possible, cost efficient, design was chosen and the
apparatus was constructed.
The apparatus consisted of 3 ex-situ acrylic
sediment columns to be contained in a temperature
controlled water bath, 3 opaque overlying water storage
tanks, 3 dissolved oxygen meters, and associated
recirculation and sampling tubing and pumps.
The system was tested and
calibrated using sediment from Van Cortland Park Lake,
NY, and the Passaic River, NJ.
SOD and nutrient fluxes were measured for each
water body in several runs using one blank, one
representative sample, and one duplicate.
Methods for collection and measurement were
refined based on best possible laboratory practices and
results of each sample run.
Results were compared to theoretical trends in
nitrification, denitrification, phosphorus flux, and
SOD.
Denitrification was qualitatively estimated for lack of
the equipment required for accurate N2(aq)(g)
measurement.
Suggested collection techniques and measurement
equipment for denitrification are outlined within.
SOD results were reproducible and
followed theoretical/expected trends for the tested
water bodies.
Nitrification data over time with varying pH and
dissolved oxygen concentrations was noisy in initial
attempts, but consistent with theoretical trends in
later runs.
Phosphorus concentrations with varying pH and dissolved
oxygen concentrations followed theoretical trends, but
the data was noisy and conclusions could not be made
based on the number of usable data points available.
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